Fabricating mechanism



11 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 12, 1952 FIG-1 IN VEN TOR. WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN ATTORNEYS July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN FABRICATING MECHANISM m 2 1 l. R. M t p m H e N c e E U V o l I I IIIL N T S I t u S h M h r A S U u H N UE Filed Sept. 12, 1952 ATTORNEYS July l0,' 1956 w. s. TOUCZHMAN FABRICATING MECHANISM 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 12, 1952 m wl IN V EN TOR.

WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN @JZW ATTORNEYS July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN 2,753,765

FABRICATING MECHANISM Filed Sept. 12, 1952 11 Sheets-Shet 4 July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN FABRICATING MECHANISM 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 12, 1952 9 $5M E wk 0% On v \k w 3 V/ A INVENTOR.

m s M -ZV| H c m w m Mn 8 A M IAI u w WM July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN 2,753,765

FABRICATING MECHANISM Filed Sept. 12, 1952 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG-11 LARGE loo j IN V EN TOR. WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN 2,753,765

FABRICATING MECHANISM Filed Sept. 12, 1952 ll Sheets-Sheet '7 INVENTOR.

g3 g; 0 WILLIAM S.TOUCHMAN L| BY N O W M, o o d oz N ATTORNEYS July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN FABRICATING MECHANISM ll Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Sept. 12, 1952 WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN ATTORNEYS July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN 2,753,765

FIG-2O INVEN TOR.

WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN ATTORNEYS y 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN 2,753,765

FABRICATING MECHANISM Filed Sept. 12, 1952 11 Sheets-Shed 1o FIG-23 712 gahmlms s o s w 'n'm 6 I? Q s a as: '11:

FIG-25 62 DMZ INVEN TOR.

WILLIAM S. TOUCHMAN ATTORNEYS July 10, 1956 w. s. TOUCHMAN FABRICATING MECHANISM 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed Sept. 12, 1952 mm mm IN V EN TOR.

WlLLlAM S. TOU CHMAN BY Ml M/ W? 7? wN QE ATTORNEYS -movements.- A further object of the invention is to provide such -for-.-,somefio rall of the working mloyemjentstof the w United States Patent -Q 2,753,765 FABRICATING MECHANISM William's; 'ru'chihanf'ciiitiii; cilia 2,610,550 issued September 16, 1952; forgeneratingaccuratel'y controlled relative movement'of a workingmemher and workpiece along an arcuate course of.--any,rad i11s from zero to infinity and including acontinuous course composed of arcs of difierentfradiioverlthe complete range from zero-to infinity without the. use ofatemp'late or-likeguiding member and without withdrawing thejtoql from the work. 1 a a a =I t isa major object of the present invention to provide apparatus of-- the .above general character ,which., is:..;,q f simple construction capable of ready manufacture in different' sizes for correspondingly .varied work operations, which includes aminimurnnumber of moving partslwhile retaining freedom of relative movement: for thetworkijng member and workpiece througharcs of any radius [over the-complete range from zero-to infinity, and which isof rugged construction assuring efiicient operationwith minimum maintenance requirements. v Anotherobject isto provide such apparatus in which all controls for-the movements ofithehworkingmernber with respect to the. workpiece are arranged at readily accessible locations for ready manual operation of the apparatus by means .ofhandwheels and likejmanua l eg trols. P ..t

An additional object is to provide apparatus in which the drives and-controls are so constructed fand' a rranged that :all working movements of thejqapparatus through arcs of 'theentire range. of radiigfromgzero to infinity may be-generatedby selected actuation of a single pair of controls, thereby facilitatingioperationpfithe appa'ratus aswell as accura-teimeasurement of; its working and perpendicular to predetermined index-directidnszsuch ,as 'the sides of the v work table; and-operative also in response to movements of the working member in other directions to indicate at all times the position' of the working member withrespect t9 such index directionsi It vis also an object of the ir' yention to provide apparatus asoutlinediabove which incorporates apower d ;member with respect-to the workpiece and whichat the :samezztime-canif ;desi red;be operated by man l ontrol ..:while. still affording the samen cornplete rang nmovement under bothspqwer and inanual opera on s r enline a d. V n 7,; "Fig. 28;is a somewhat diagrammatic view in the nature Many other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description the accompanying drawingsand the appended claim s. A

In t -dr w n s? F'gs-. 11,;.2 an d 3 are respectively front, side and top views ofa machine tool constructed in accordance with he-p sent inyea na i t :F Ai fa fra e y a L. v, t

qFig. 5 is a fragmentary section on the line 5-5 of 3 n s s t fi r j Fig. 6,,is; a fragmentary view looking downwardly in -3'51 g I 4 w i Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragment of Fig. 4;

F 8 is a ect q p thel ll of 3;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section on the line 9,9 of Fig. 3 and also of Fig. 8; m g Eig lq is -a- .f ragmentary view looking downwardly as indi ated; y the- 'line 1 0 10 in Fig.,9 and .ona larger Fig. 11 is a detail top view of the center pivot block guide; in theinfinity radiusn echanism;

liig lzjsyan enlarged fragmentary section on the line t,j: & 51;; a Fig. 13' is adetail top view of the offset pivot block ,1 Fig. 14 is a detail view looking from left to right in 2 l ,L- .l J :H l, it 7 Fig- 15 is a detail view looking in the direction indit d ylth i 5.1 .s.. B g-.3; r a

Big. 16 s a fragmentary section on the line i616 of -1 th a Fi'g. 17 i a developed view illustrating schematically the gearing arrangement for power operation of the machine tool, as ind icated bythe line 17 17 in lFigi 1; Y

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary section taken approximately 'ind d y t line. s 8i9 l= -1 7i T F g, l9- w s d Figs. 20 to 22 are consecutive views illustrating the operation of certain parts of the machine in generating anarcoflarge radius; I I

' Fig. 23is a fragmentary view taken approximately on th61lI16- 2 3j23;0f Figs. 8 and 9 on a larger scale;

Fig. 24.is a detail plan view of the offset pivot block;

Fig.. 25 is a;.detai l viewulooking from right to left in Fig.;24; ,7

section on the line 44 7 0t I a detail plan view of the center pivot blocki- E 'g- 7. s a vv w.l a in t o l ft t right n Fi 26 with; portions of the center pivot block guide shown in of aperspective showingthe apparatus of Figs. 1-3 with portions ,broken away to illustrate the relative movements of the parts in conjunction with the drive mechanism.-

The s ermdemb d m n s he inv n io Sh in theldrawings is a milling machine in the' workpiece is adapted to be mounted on'a normally 'statioaary work moyement in single directions perpendicular to each other.

rotary table is mounted for rotation within therram and in turn: supports a pair of pivot blocks andz'associated,pivot block guides forming; the sub-assembly which is referred to herein as the infinity radius mechanism and l which cooperates withthe rotary table to guide andcon- ,radiu' mechanism also includes a 'magnetf'floperable; to I lamppne' art'of the mechanism'to the" base of the r'nal,,.thej working irnoveinents of the rar'nL'Il The infinity chine in order to serve as a focal point with respect to which the work movements of the ram are caused to take place. This magnet is releasable as required for resetting of the machine between working strokes.

The infinity radius mechanism is employed for originating all arcuate movements of the ram and may also be similarly used for all linear movements of the ram. However, the invention provides additional alternative drives for movements of the ram in relatively perpedicular index directions parallel to the sides of the work table which are termed the X- and Y-directions and run respectively longitudinally and transversely of the work table. The infinity radius mechanism is used for all other linear motions, i. e., in directions oblique with respect to the index directions, and the alternative or X- and Y- drives function during operation of the infinity radius mechanism to indicate the position of the working member with respect to the corresponding X- and Y-axes of the work table.

The infinity radius mechanism operates differently depending upon whether the radius of the arc to be generated is greater or less than an established distance, which may for convenience be referred to as the overlap radius. Thus arcs of small radius, i. e., radii not greater than the overlap radius, are generated by rotation of the rotary table following adjustment of the infinity radius mechanism to establish the proper radius. Arcs of large radius, namely from the overlap radius up to infinity, are generated by first adjusting the guide members in the infinity radius mechanism to a predetermined angle directly related to the radius of the arc to be generated, and thereafter the machine is operated in the manner normally employed for linear motion but is caused by the action of the adjusted guides to follow the desired arcuate path. The geometric principles of this mechanism are discussed in detail in my above noted copending application, and further elaboration thereof is accordingly believed to be unnecessary.

This machine is operable as noted to execute multiple working strokes in such manner as to reproduce a continuous profile or other course composed of sections of straight lines and arcs of any radius arranged in any combination, the only practical limitation being the physical dimensions of the machine, and all such operations can be carried out Without the use of a template or like guiding member and also without unproductive movements of the working member and workpiece. In order to accomplish this result, the invention provides selectively operable clamping means such that the working member and workpiece may be locked in fixed relation following completion of each section of the profile, and the infinity radius mechanism may then be reset to the proper position to generate the next section of the profile. This procedure may be repeated unitl the entire profile is completed, and both convenience and accuracy are thus assured.

In the drawings, the main base 20 of the machine includes a front portion to which is bolted or otherwise secured the usual work holding table 22. The raised back portion of the base supports the working parts of the machine in overhanging relation with work table 22 and includes a base plate 23 of magnetic material. A frame or saddle 25 is mounted for lateral sliding movement on base 29 by means of cooperating ways 26 and 27 and balls 28. A ram 30 is in turn mounted on saddle 2-5 with sliding movement from front to back with respect to the base, by means of similar ways 31 and 32 and balls 33, and the ram St} is thus mounted in cooperation with saddle 25 for translational movement with respect to base 29. The ram supports all the major working parts of the machine, including the tool for working on the workpiece carried by table 22. For example, the ram is shown as carrying a spindle 34 which is mounted in a vertically adjustable quill 35 and is driven by a motor 36 mounted on the ram and connected with the spindle through means such as the belt drive indicated generally at 37, and since the ram moves translationally, if additional spindles are provided, each will follow an identical pattern.

Within the ram 30 is mounted a rotary table 40, which rests on the ram and includes a cylindrical worm wheel portion 41 extending into the ram. The rotary table 40 and ram 30 are held firmly together by means of a bearing ring 42 bolted to the lower end of wheel 41, the contacting surfaces of ram 30 and of the table 40 and ring 42 being ground smooth to form bearing surfaces. Relative rotational movement of table 40 and ram 30 is effected by means of teeth on worm Wheel 41 mesh ing with a worm 44 on an elongated shaft 45 extending to the front of the ram and provided with a handwheel 46 and a Vernier scale dial 47 shown as graduated in minutes. The shaft 45 extends also to the back end of the ram and is shown as provided with a second handwheel 46' and scale 47' for the convenience of the operator.

The rotary table 40 forms the housing for the infinity radius mechanism, which is supported in the upper part of table 40 and is enclosed by a top plate 48 bolted to the upwardly projecting boss portions 49 of table 40 as shown in Fig. 9. The infinity radius mechanism comprises four main parts, the center pivot block guide 50, the center pivot block 51, the offset pivot block guide 52, and the offset pivot block 53. The pivot block guides are shown in detail in Figs. 11-15, and the pivot blocks are shown in Figs. 24-27.

The center pivot block guide 50 rests on the upper surface of the rotary table 40 for sliding movement thereon, and an extension portion 54 of guide 50 includes track portions 54 which receive and guide the opposite side portions of the pivot block 51 as best seen in Fig. 27. A lead screw 55 is journaled in the outer end of portion 54 and is provided at its outer end with a handle 56 and a vernier dial scale 57 graduated in thousandths of an inch. The lead screw 55 is threaded through a depending boss 58 on the pivot block 51, and block 51 also includes a pivot stud 60 which is journaled in top plate 48 on the central axis of the rotary table 40.

The offset pivot block guide 52 rests slidably on top of the guide 50 and includes a depending pivot stud 61 which is journaled in the guide 50 coaxially with the magnet supporting shaft 70. Track portions 63 on guide 52 correspond to tracks 54 on guide 50 and similarly receive and guide the opposite side portions of the offset pivot block 53 as shown in Fig. 9. The block 53 includes a pivot stud 62 which is journaled in the top plate 48 in offset relation with pivot stud 60 as shown in Fig. 8, and the top plate 48 thus acts as a retainer for holding the guide 50 and the parts Sit-53 on the rotary table 4% while providing for sliding lateral movement of guide 50 with respect to table 44).

Means are provided for releasably clamping the center pivot block guide 50 in fixed relation with the main base 20. Referring to Figs. 8-10 and 23, the rotary table 40 has an open central portion forming a slot 64, and the guide 50 includes an arm 65 which extends downwardly through this slot 64 and carries an electromagnet 66 adapted for releasable magnetic clamping to the base plate 23. Felt or like wiping or sealing members 67 are carried by saddle 25 for engagement with the upper surface of base plate 23 to keep it free from dirt, and the magnet is thus entirely enclosed and protected against dirt, metal chips and the like.

The magnet 66 includes a shaft 70 slidable in a bushing 71 carried by the arm 65, and an arm 72 is pivoted at 73 in ears 74 on the upper surface of the magnet. One end of arm 72 is forked to enclose a collar 75 on bushing 71, and arm 72 and collar 75 are pivoted together at 76. A compression spring 77 is mounted between the magnet 66 and the opposite end of arm 72, and when the magnet is deenergized, the spring 77 urges the adjacent portions of the magnet and arm 72 apart and thus acts through the pivots 73 and w h 76 to raise the magnet out of contact Winnie piaezs;

The'arm "72' also acts to operate a pair of switches 80 and 81 mounted on the magnet 66 and describedhe'r inaf ter in connection with the wiring 'diagram. These switches are normally open in the'raised' position of the magnet by reason-f the relative separation of the free end'of arm 72 and the magnet. When however the magnet is energized and moved downwardly," itpulls arnr'72 downwardly about its pivot 76=and against spring 77, thus'forcing the arm against the operating'buttons of the switches. Theleads to magnet 66*and switches 80 and 81 are carried in a pipe 82 having one end fastened to a spring portion 83 rigidly connected to magnet 66."-"The other end of pipe 82"slides in 'a block 85(Fig. 2) pivoted 3 and 8 through a maximum distance in a single stroke on a vertical axis at the back end-of the mm. The pipe 82 and spring 83 thus supportth e necessary wires to the magnet and also serves to limitpivotal movement of the magnet which might otherwise t'endto twist-these wir'es during resetting.

The pivotal connection 61 between the two pivot block guides 50 and 52 provides for relative angular movement of these parts in either direction from theiralign'e'd positionas shown in Fig. 3, with this movement beinglimhad in each direction to a predetermined angle established by engagement of the sides of the portion'54 of guide 50 1 with the sides 88 of the wings 89'forming the adjacent open ended portion of guide 52. This maximum angle of adjustment of these parts is determin'ed'by the minimun'i'large'radius arc of movement desired for'ram 30, 'as described hereinafter.

' Means are provided for releasably clamping the two guides together in a selected'position of angular adjustment. As shown in Figs. 11 and 16, the guide50 includes an'arcuate portion 90 having a T-slot 91 therein which receives the head of a clamp bolt 92 carried by a 'proing pin 99 is mounted in'abore-extending through the guide 50 and is vertically shiftable in the bore byineans of an eccentric pin 100 which projects from the inner end of a knob 101 into a circumferential groove 102 on pin 99, the knob 101 having a retaining screw 103. In the uppermost position of pin 99, it engages iri-a bore 104m guide 52 to lock thetwo guides'in' their aligned position, and in its lower position, pin 99-is adapted to engage-in one of a selected series of bores 105 arranged ati convenie nt intervals in the adjacent uppensurface of ram 3 0, for example, every 15. Pin 99 may be yieldably held in its upper, lower, or neutral position by means such as the spring and ball detent indicated at 106 adapted to engage one of the respective circumferential grooves 107 in the pin. 1 I I The infinity radius mechanism as described determines both the length of a given arcuate movement of theram and also the radius of the arc throughwhich the ram moves, which may vary over the complete range of zero to infinity. Thus when the guides 50 and; 52

'are in their aligned position, the ram can be caused to move in a straight line (an arc of infinite radius) in any selected'direction in a horizontal plane, or the ram'can also'be caused to move in a circular arc of short radius ranging from zero to the fixed maximum determined-by the design and arrangement of the infinity radius-mechanism'as described hereinafter. jWhen the guides 50 and 52 are adjusted angularly from their aligned position, they will cooperate with their-respectivepivot blocks to guidejthe ram through a circular arc-10f any-selected determined by the length of the slot 64 in .the rotary table with res'pectto the correspondingdimension ofthe depending'arm 65*on the guide 50. It is convenient but 'not'essential to design these'parts in such manneras-to establish this distance as equal'to or slightly morethan the relative spacing of the-pivotal axes of pivot blocks .51 and '53, and his shown as 4 /2 inches. In addition; provision may be made for ,overtravel at the opposite side of the centered orzero position of guide 50" andtableby increasing the clearances of :guide with respect to the rotary table, whichmay be-helpful forburryremoval and the like. 1 i n- Operation-ofthe machine to produce this linear motionfof'the ram is efiected by rotation of the hand wheel 56 after'the guide 50 is clamped tothe base by energizing the magnet 66: Under these conditions, the guides 50 and 521Will'b6 stationary, and rotation of the: lead screw will therefore cause linear movementof the pivot block:51-with respect to guidei50. Since block -5'1'-'is connected by the'pivot stud. to the top plate48;

and-since topplate 48 'is part of therotarytable. which is 'itself carried by the ram. 30,- this movement of pivot block Sly/ill cause similar movementof the ram with respect to -guides "50 and-therefore= with respectxto base 20': The pivot block- 53 will at the same time-becarried forward in guide'd'relation with the guide 52-bythe coirnection betweeni itspivot stud 62 and'the top plate:48 to maintain the movement of the ram in' a straight line.

During this movement, the clamped connectionubetween the guide 50 and the base is centered on the'magn'et shaft 70, and the movement of the ram will accordii ngly be with "respectto the-axis of magnet 66-and shaft Theextent of this linear motion is measured by the scale dial 57, and a coarse scale 110is .also pro'vided on -guide 50 which registers with the outer end of pivot tating handle 56 back to its starting position, which causes theiguide'St) to move back to its zero position with relation to table'40 without movement of the'ram, and :then

again drivingby means of lead screw 55 afterthe magnet is reclamped. The angular direction of this linear motion of the ram may'be selected as desired by initial adjustment ofta ble 40 to align the guides in the desiredidirection,.whichris effected through operation of the worm =44 byhandwheel 46 as described. Additional measurement of thean-gular position of the rotary table is provided by thezscale 111 on the upper surface of'the ram, which-may'bersread'fin conjunction with the pair ofspoi'nters 112 mounted at opposite sides of the rotary table A large arrow .115Iis shown on top plate 48'at right angles to pointers'112, a'nd'a small arrow'116' is shown on the'top 'of pivot 'block 51 directly above the axis of screw 55; I The infinity radius mechanism may'be employed as described for all straight line movements of'the ram and mustbe so employed for-such oblique movements in directions other than the X- orY-direction, but separate drives are provided for convenience in moving the'rarn in either of the X- and Y-directions; Referring to' Figs. 4-6, the X-drive moves the saddle'25 and the ram. with 'respect to base and the work table 22 and includesita rack mounted on th'ebase '20 and meshingzwithaa pinion 121 on a hollow vertical shaft 122 journaled in the saddle and provided with a handwheel 123 at its upper end having a scale 124 thereon graduated in inches. A worm gear 125 is mounted for free rotation on shaft 122, and gear 125 meshes with a worm 126 splined on a shaft 127 having a beveled gear connection 123 (Fig. 17) with a shaft 129 which extends to the right hand side of the machine and is provided with a handwheel 130 and Vernier scale dial 131 graduated in thousandths of an inch.

The worm gear 125 has a releasable clutch connection with the handwheel 123. A plate 135 is riveted to the upper surface of gear 125 and is provided with a plurality of tapered bores 136 at its upper surface adapted to receive the tapered lower end of a locking pin 137 pivoted on a lever 138 which is in turn pivoted at one end in handwheel 123. A spring 139 normally urges lever 138 in the direction to cause engagement of the pin 137 in one of the holes 136 in the plate 135. Shaft 122 may accordingly be driven rapidly by means of handwheel 123, as may be desired for setting up operations, or more slowly and accurately, by means of handwheel 130.

It is necessary to provide positive assurance against movement of the ram in either of the X and Y-directions whenever magnet 66 is disengaged, in order to prevent an unintentional movement of the ram tending to reduce the accuracy of control. For the same reason, it is necessary to lock the ram against the movement in the X-direction when the Y-drive is in operation or vice versa. This desired locking action is shown as provided by employing a self-locking worm drive 125-126, and this arrangement has the advantage that it does not require release when it is desired to drive the ram in the X-direction, as would be the case if separate individually operable clamping means such as hand clamps or additional magnets similar to the magnet 66 were employed. With the worm drive 125-126 self-locking as described, provision is required for disengagement of the clutch connection between gear 125 and handwheel 123 when generating arcuate movements of the ram. This action is provided by a rod 14% and is movable upwardly within hollow shaft 122 to cause lever 138 to raise pin 136 out of locked relation with plate 135, and this worm and clutch assembly is enclosed within a housing 141 bolted at 142 to the boss portion 143 of the saddle which supports shaft 122 and extends through an enlarged slot 145 in the upper part of the ram.

Rod 141 is operated by a lever 15d pivoted to the ram at 151 and including one arm portion engaging the lower end of rod 149 and another arm portion adapted to be engaged by the piston rod 152. of a hydraulic cylinder 153 having a spring return 154 and actuated by a three-way valve such as the solenoid operated valve 155 shown in the wiring diagram (Fig. 18). Thus when pressure is applied in cylinder 153, lever 151 will be caused to move in counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 5 and thus to raise rod 140 and disconnect the gear 125 as described. Lever 150 also includes an arm 156 arranged to operate selectively two limit switches 157 and 15o as describe hereinafter in connection with the wiring diagram.

It will be apparent that when handwheel 132; is operated to move the rum in the X-direction, the dial 131 wiil accurately indicate the position of the ram along the X-axis of the work table, but for other movements of the ram, it is necessary as described to release the clutch connecfion to handwheel 131 by reason of the self-locking worm drive. However, the scale 1% on handwheel 123 will at all times provide a coarse measurement of the position of the ram with respect to the X-direction, and accurate measurement can be made Whenever the ram is stationary by means of dial 131 as now described.

The bores 136 in plate 135 are shown as arranged in closely spaced relation around handwheel 123, and the spacing of these bores is correlated with the graduations on dial 131. For example, in a machine of the relative proportions indicated, the scale 124 is shown as measuring 5 inches of movement of the ram with respect to saddle 25 for each revolution of the handwheel 123, and if the dial 131 similarly moves the ram 0.10 inch for each revolution, there may be a total of 25 cores 136 uniformly spaced on handwheel 123, so that two revolutions of handwheel 131) are required to shift pin 137 from one of bores 136 to the next. This arrangement is employed for accurate measurement of the ram position by simply reading scale 124 to the nearest tenth of an inch with the pin 137 released, then rotating handwheel 1341 through the distance required to engage pin 137 in one of the two nearest bores 136, and reading the movement on scale 131. The resulting smaller fraction of an inch is then added to or subtracted from the reading of scale 124 to give the desired accurate measurement.

The drive for causing movement of the ram in the Y-direction, by moving the ram with respect to the saddle in that direction, is similar to the X-drive as just described. Referring to Fig. 4, a rack 1613 is bolted to the right hand side of saddle 25 and meshes with a pinion 161 on a hollow shaft 162 journaled in the ram and provided at its upper end with a handwheel 163 having a scale 164 thereon. A Worm gear 165 is freely mounted on shaft 162 and meshes with a worm 166 on a shaft 167 which extends to the front of the machine and is provided with a handwheel 1741 having a Vernier scale dial 171. The gear 165 has a clutch connection with handwheel 163 similar to that already described in connection with the gear 125 and including a plate 175, pin 176, bores 177, lever 178, spring 179 and rod 138. The rod 180 is operated by a lever 1S5 (Figs. 2 and 18) similar to the lever 15% as described and similarly controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 186. The limit switches 187 and 188 correspond with the switches 157 and 153 and are similarly operated by the lever 135. It will accordingly be seen that rotation of the handwheel 171 will operate as described to cause the ram to move in the Y-direction with respect to sat.- dle 25, and the handwheel 163 provides a convenient means for more rapid movement of the ram. The above discussion with respect to the self-locking worm drive and to movement of the ram along the X-direction apply also to the Y-direction.

In operating the machine to generate arcs of small radius, the lead screw 55 is first adjusted to the desired radius with magnet 66 released. For such small radius arcs, the radius of the arc is determined by the relative spacing of the central axis of rotary table 40 from the central axis of magnet 6d and its shaft '76. Then with the magnet clamped to base plate 23, the table 40 is rotated by operation of handwheel 46 or 46 and this motion will cause the ram to move translationaliy along the desired arcuate path.

Thus when the guide 513 is in its zero position, which is the position shown in Figs. 8 and 23 wherein the pivot stud 61 and the magnet shaft '71) are centered on the central axis of the rotary table 4%, operation of the worm 44 will simply cause rotation of the rotary table, but there will be no movement of the ram. it, however, the lead screw 55 has been operated to move guide 5% from its zero position, for example a distance of 2 inches, taen when the worm 44 is operated, the rotary table will be caused to swing about a radius centered on the magnet stud '70, and since the rotary table is iournaled in the ram, the ram will similarly move translationally in such manner that every point thereon will follow an arc having a radius of 2 inches. Similar movements will occur for each other radius within the range of movement of the guide 59 as described above. During each such movement about arcs of short radius, there will be no movement of the parts 5053 with respect to the rotary table 411, other than their relative movements during initial setting to the desired radius.

In all the working movements described above, maximum convenience is obtained if the position of the ram as a whole is directly referenced to the position of the tool he spi dle n t e r s th 42 ps i iq. at he. On oth the a d Y-QX 5 1dl ta l s1 reference position for the tool s th actuate It v of the tool at all times will be deter ned by reference to its movements with respect to the X; and Y-alxe s, and therefore the work need only to be aeeurately set on the work table 22 in accordancewith this reference arrangement. The advantages of this system for establishing the direction and length of straight line movements will immediately be apparent, and this system also offers significant advantages in the generating of arcs of small radius.

Thus this system makes possible the generation of 'an arc of small radius by reference either to the center of the are or to the tangent to the starting point of the arc. Inthe first case, setting of the machine requires that while the infinity radius mechanism isin its zero position, the ram be indexed to the center point of the are as referenced by its X- and Y-axes positions, andthe magnet 66 is then clamped in that position. The next step is to rotate the rotary table until the lead screw 55 extends in the direction of the radius to the startingpoint of the arc, and then after t-he'lead screw 55 is operatedtothe extent necessary to establish the desired radius asdescribed above, the machine isready to generate-the. arc.

In generating an arc of small radius without reference to-itscenter, the tool is indexed to its starting position,

and. the rotary table isadjusted until the pointers 112 point in the direction of a tangent to the starting point of the arc. The lead screw 55 is adjusted to establish the desired radius either before or after setting of the rotary table, and since this lead screw is inherently in line at the start of thestroke with the radius drawn to the, starting point of the arc, the adjustment ofrthe rotary table must be such that the lead screw will point in the direction of. the center of the are. In either case, when the machine is measured from the zero position. Arcs of greater radius aregenerated by operation ofthe machinethrough lead screw 55 with the-guidesSO and 52 adjusted to, an angular position which is determined by the formula where (it is, the angle-between the guide 52 and, its position of ali gn rnent with guide-50, r is the radiusof the arcfto .be generated, and k is a constant equalto the distance between the pivotal axes 60 and 61. ofthe pivotbloeks 51 and 53.

1f the value k is chosen as awhole number, and itis shown as 4 inches, this formula may be revisedtto read .which has v the special advantage that the operator needs only toperform the simple division of the desired radius by two and then read the proper angle. on ini the eosecant tablesv available in common engineering handbooks. As .pointedout above, the parts 54 and 88 cooperate toset a maximum angle which will establish the minimum large radius arc generated by themachine and thisrninirnum ra iu s se ec a 4,. nqhes,

cosec a=4/2; -2.O 3)

The surfaces 88 of guide 52 are accordingly shown as formed at angles of 30 to the centralplane of the guide to limit the angular adjustment of the two guic les to a maximum of 5 30 in e ach. direction, and it will thenbe 1 ,35 operated to generate a small radius arc, the angular extent V If'th erefore the guides are adjus jd H ni'extent attains lead screw 55 is'perate dfthe 'rarn will move t'ranslationally along'an' are of a 4Lincii and this radius will increaseas the angle is is decreased until fwhen angle a is equal to zero, the I i am will be along an arc of infinite L 1 ei,,a'stra1 glit line. The essential principlesof this irio'de of'operatioii are explained in detailin my'above J No 2,6'10, 550',' especially 'in connection with" Figs. 19-21 thereof; and it is also described hereinafter with respect to generation of a'specific a'rc' of long'radiusin connection Figs. 2'022.

It will be apparent that since the ram carries quill "and spii dle"34,"the'bit or other tool in the spindle will trace allr'r'ioveriient's of'the'ram on a workpiece supported by Work 'table 22l This materially simplifies work operations'as compared with machines wherein the work table moves" with" respect tot'he too], since the operator can watch the tool'reproduce a drawing" directly on theworkpiece. Ihe ram""also supportsadj'u'stable controls for the vertical movement ofi'the quill, includinga slide 200 mounted fori/ ertical movement on the ram and carrying a rack' 201meshing with pinion teeth on a shaft 202' extending to the left hand side of the ram and provided with a"handwheelt205 and a graduated scale dial206. Moreac'c'urate adjustment of ,the'quill is provided for by a worm geaiz210 mounted for free rotation on the inner end of shaft i202, and meshing with a worm 211 on a shaft r212'iextending 'to the front of the ram and provided with a. handwhe'ellliand vernier scale dial 214. The worm gear 210 is, shown as releasably connected with shaft 24 32 .bya spring loaded locking pin 215 carried by a bushing 216 set intat wheel 213,7 splined on the right hand end of shaft 202. -The,pin 215 is ar jranged to engage in one ofa s ri zb res in h ide of e 21am a ma e simi to the worrnwheel 125, and the pin t2 15 can be retracted fromits,locke tposit o .an r ed b means of its kno .220 to a position where across pin 222 latches in the outer en o itSISHHRQ fiPE b shi 215- i All of ,theaboye operations can he carried out by manual control of the machine by the several handwheelsas described, and the drawings also show thetrnachi'ne as provided withanqw driv l a ltai t ip e p di pnrequirinam nu l sentrp qn f he e Pa s: t h for each drive motion. i ieferring to Figs. 1-3, almo'to'r Zfifljsrnounted at thet b a ck end of the riam and includes ,an el tricbrahe- ZJI. lylotor23i drivesa variable'speed on 232,.showh as a Gr ahani variable speedtrans- Iniss n, an i adjustn eiitoftransmission.232 is shownas eficted'by aha ndwheel.ZQSj at the'bacK end of the ram and alternatively by asimil'arhandwhed 236 mountedjat the frontjerid heategmam operating through ailexible sha ft 1237. The transmission 232"intur'n drives a power aft 24!) which'ex'tends to ltliefront of thelra m and I 'e connection between thetransring to Fig'. '17; 'the poiwer shaft 240 carries a ,drive gear 250,.and asecondf'driv'e gear 251 which operja stjhfcpmbi tioni with an idler ge r 252 on shaft; 240 a drive." The gear 2 l50"m e' shes .With a erota'ry table d'rivels'haft 45 and alsoiwith hich driveshaft 167,"'ai1d gear I esh eisrwit li a gear 257 on" X-direction drive t t 121 wh'oh m m meshes with a gear 258 on quill iadt sti i l liaitlli- 1S t l 1 m and .1 40 are arranged in equispaiced reia'tionas shown in Fig. 1,

is approximately twicethe thickness, of gears 257, .theilatter are correspondingly axially olgset as showm Ihefdrive ar'251jrnesi1es with t a gear 260 onX-d rive shiift'1'27 which in' tur 'n meshes with gear l shaf t 2 1 2 and also with age-M262 on rotary (Ari 262 in the opposite direction 2556a shaft 45'. Gear 262 meshes 1 1 with idler 252 which in turn meshes with a gear 265 on Y-drive shaft 167 to complete the reverse drive chain.

All of the several gears 255-265 are free on their respective shafts, and individually operable clutches having forward, reverse and neutral positions are provided for each shaft. Referring to Figs. 17 and 18 a dog clutch member 2719 is splined on Y-drive shaft 167 in gear box 242 and is shiftable from its neutral position shown in Fig. 18 into engagement with the complementary clutch teeth on gear 256 or the similar teeth on gear 265. Shifting of clutch member 2713 is effected by a cam 271 on cam shaft 272 which carries a wear shoe 273 riding in a circumferential slot 274 in clutch member 270. The cam shaft 272 is provided with an operating handle 275 and is shown as releasably held in each of its selected positions by a spring loaded detent plunger 276 mounted in the wall of the gear box and cooperating with a corresponding plurality of grooves 277 in the side of cam shaft 272. The handle 275 may also serve as a cam for operating the limit switch 278 as indicated in Figs. 2 and 19, the switch 278 being normally open when the clutch is disengaged and being closed by handle 275 when it is shifted to either of the engaged positions of clutch member 2719.

There is a corresponding clutch member 280 on X-drive shaft 127 operated by a cam unit and handle indicated generally at 231 (Fig. 2) and provided with a limit switch 232. The similar clutch member 285 on quill drive 212 has an operating handle 286 and a projection 287 on handle 286 is arranged in the path of adjustable stop pins 288 and 289 on quill slide 2th) so that when the slide reaches the desired upper or lower limit position under power operation, the corresponding stop pin will engage projection 287, and cam clutch handle 286 to its neutral position. The clutch member 290 on rotary table shaft 45 is shown as provided with an operating arm 291 connected to a sleeve 292 on a shaft 293 running the full length of the ram and provided at its opposite ends with handles 294 and 295. The shaft 293 carries a pin 296 riding in a spiral slot 237 in sleeve 292 to cause axial movement of the sleeve and resulting shifting movement of clutch member 290 by arm 221' when shaft 233 is rocked by either of its operating handles. The limit switch 298 for this clutch member is indicated as operated by the handle 235 at the back end of the ram.

It will be apparent that with this transmission assembly, the power shaft 240 can be operated continuously, and the several clutches can be engaged and disengaged as desired in accordance with the particular work operations to be performed, as described in more detail hereinafter in connection with the wiring diagram and Figs. 19-21. It will also be apparent that a power drive could be provided for the lead screw 55, as shown for example in my above noted copending application, but the manually operated arrangement shown in the drawings is generally satisfactory, particularly for machines of such sizes that the effective length of the lead screw is of the compara tively small range indicated.

In the wiring diagram (Fig. 19), a main switch 300 controls the A. C. power lines 301 and 302 and supplies alternating current to the rectifier 303, which in turn provides direct current for operation of magnet 66. A signal light 394 may be provided as shown to indicate when switch 399 is closed. A manual switch 3135 controls the connection for the spindle drive motor 36, and a similar manual switch 3% controls the feed motor 230 through the normally closed upper two pairs of contacts of a relay R1 which forms part of the safety circuit. The brake 231 for motor 230 is similarly operated through the normally open back pairs of contacts of relay R1 when the relay is energized.

The energizing circuit for the operating coil 310 of relay R1 runs through the limit switches 157 and 187,

which are normally closed and connected in parallel,

12 through the limit switches 278, 282, and 298, which are similarly connected in parallel, and through an indicating light 311 in a line 312 to one of the limit switches 81 on magnet 66, and a line 313 leads from switch 81 to the other side of the main line through feed switch 306. A line 314 by-passes the several limit switches 157, 187, 278, 282 and 298 to energize light 311 when limit switch 81 is closed and thus to show that the magnet is energized irrespective of the condition of the other limit switches. A parallel energizing circuit for safety relay coil 31% is provided through two normally open limit switches 315 and 316 connected in parallel. The limit switch 316 is shown as mounted on the saddle 25 for operation by stops 317 and 318 on the ram at the limits of the movements of the ram in the Y-direction established by the dimensions of the machine, and the switch 315 may be similarly mounted on the base and operated by stops on the saddle at the limits of its movements in the X-direction.

The magnet 66 is energized through two normally open sets of contacts of a relay R2 having its operating coil 321i initially energized through a normally open push button switch 321 which is effectively the magnet engaging switch and is closed to set the machine for arcuate or oblique movement of the ram. Closing of switch 321 also completes a holding circuit for coil 320 through a pair of normally open contacts 322 in relay R2 and the normally closed contacts of a relay R3 having its operating coil 323 connected through the normally closed limit switches 158 and 183. Switch 321 similarly controls the operating coil 325 of a relay R4 having one pair of normally open contacts controlling the operating coil 326 of the solenoid 155. A holding circuit for coil 325 runs through the other pair of contacts of relay Rt and through a normally closed push button switch 327 which acts as the magnet releasing switch and is opened following an arcuate stroke preparatory to resetting or movement of the ram in the X- or Y-direction.

in operation with the machine wired as shown, closing of switch 3% supplies power to the rectifier 3133 and also to the switches 3135 and 3% controlling the spindle motor and feed motor respectively. Closing of switch 306 will in turn start the feed motor 23%, which will operate so long as the relay R remains deenergized. If magnet 66 remains released, motor 239 may be employed for resetting by rotation of the rotary table, for either resetting or a work operation by movement of the ram in either the X- or Y-direction, and for adjusting the quill. Any one or more of these drives can be selectively connected with the motor by operation of their respective clutches as described, and in the event of overtravel in either the X- or Y-direction, the corresponding switch 315 and 316 will close to energize relay R1 and thus stop motor 231} and apply brake 231. Also, the infinity radius mecha nism can be adjusted either by hand or power, namely by locking guide 54! to the ram and then driving the rotary table.

In order to execute an arcuate or oblique working stroke, magnet 66 is energized by closing switch 321 to energize relays R2 and R4 and also to complete their respective holding circuits as described. At the same time, solenoid valve will be energized to operate the hydraulic cylinders 153 and 186 and thereby to shift the levers 159 and in the directions to disengage the clutch pins 136 and 176 of the X- and Y-drives at the respective handwheels 123 and 163. In order to assure clamping of the magnet before these clutch connections are released, a throttling valve may be incorporated in the pressure lines to the cylinders 153 and 186, as indicated at 330, to provide a time delay in the release of their associated clutches.

This movement of the levers 150 and 185 opens the switches 157 and 187 to prevent operation of the safety relay R1, but the indicator light 311 will be energized through limit switch 81 and the lines 313 and 31 4. Simi larly the movement of the levers 150 and 185 will cause switches 158 and 188 to open and thereby to interrupt the energizing circuit for coil 323 of the relay R3 controlling the holding circuit for coil 320 of relay Rz. With the circuits thus established the power feed can be employed as desired tooperate the ram through the rotary table clutch member 290 as described, and the quill clutch member 280 can also be engaged as desired and does not require connection with the safety circuit. On the other hand, the X- and Y-drives cannot be connected by reasonof the disengagement of their clutch pins by levers 159 and 185, and if either of the latter clutch pins should accidentally engage, the associated switch 157 or 187 will close and thereby cause immediate energizing of relay R1 to stop the feed motor and apply the brake. Similarly if magnet 66 should accidentally release, the operator will immediately be informed of that fact by failure of light 311.

When the working stroke has been completed and it is desired to release magnet 66 for resetting, switch 327 is opened. This breaks the holding circuit for relay R4, and the resulting de'energi'zing of this relay shifts solenoid valve 155 to cut on the pressure supply to the hydraulic cylinders 153 and 186and to connect these cylinders to drain. The action of the return springs in these cylinders and the springs 139 and 179 will move the levers 150 and185 back to their rest positions and thereby. enable reengagement of the clutch connections of the X- and Y-d rives.

When the levers 150 and 185 have completed their movements, they will close the switches 158 and'18 8 and thereby complete the energizing circuit for relay R3, and this in turn will break the holding circuit 'forr'elayRz and thusbreak the energizing circuit to "magnet 6.6. Before the magnet releases, however, the limit switch 80 will remain closed and will operate through the resist'or'3'33 to reverse the magnetic flux to the magnet and thereby to permit the magnet to be lifted promptly by the action'of spring 77 p as described. This operation provides a'time delay assuring engagement of the X- and Y-drive clutch pins before the magnet is released to prevent undesired movement of the ram. It will also be noted that bo'th of these clutch connec'tions must be closed before the magnet can release, which may require rotation of one or both of the handwheels 130 and 170 to' engage the associated clutch pins 136 and 176 as described. V

It will be apparent that the major components "of' the electrical system can be located at any convenient position on or adjacent the machine, and Fig. 1 shows a 'con trol box 335 mounted on the left side of the base which represents ahousing for portions of the electrical controls having the main switch handle 300 on the outside The switches 305, 306, 321 'and327 maybe thereof. 7 similarly located in the control housing 335, but for convenience of operation it may be found preferable to mount some or all of them in or on a control'b'ox 340 at the front end of the ram adjacent the several handwheels asshownin Figs. 1 3.

Figs. -22 illustrate the operation of the machine in generating an arc of a five-inch radius having a chord length of '4 inches and with the starting tangent to this farc extending in the X-direction, and in these'views the ,outline 350 represents an arbitrary square section of the ram which illustrates the translational movement of the entire ram. With k equal to 4 as described, then'iin accordance with Equation 2 above,

just them ac'hine to generate the arc in thedesired direction. The several steps required to set'and ope'rate' the 'machine'are as follows:

(1) With the pivot blocks 51 and 53-intheir zero position and magnet 66 released; rotate; the rotary tableto a position wherein the arrows 115 and 116 point generallyin the direction of thetangent to the starting point of the arc. In this example, thesev arrows should point in the Y-directio'n, and Fig. 3 shows the parts in this adjusted position.

(2') Lock pin 99 in the nearest bore 105 in the ram, thereby locking guide to the ram. The guides may if necessary be rotated'manually in this step if pin 99 is not initially in line with a bore 105.

(3') Release the clamp 9tl95 to permit relative movement of guides 50' and 52.

(4) Rotate table 40 to shift guide 52 through the proper angle a with respect to guide 50- and, in the direction such that the large arrow 115 leads off in the general direction of the are with respect to the direction of the starting tangent indicated by small arrow 1-16. This movement may be through power operation, by engagement of clutch member 290, or by manual rotation of handwheel 46 or 4:6, and the ,proper angle for this movement may be measured either in degrees by scale 47 or by a scale 355 (Fig. 15) on the outer surface of the part 90 which cooperates with a pointer 356 on the clamp portion 92 of guide '52. The scale 355'is 'graduated to read directly in terms of the radius of the arc to be generated and is so arranged that the zero mark on scale 355 coincides with pointer 356 when the guides are in direct line.

"(5) Reclamp the clamp mechanism 9095 to hold guides 50 and '52 in their adjusted} position.

' (6) Shift-pin 99 to its=neutral position to permit movement of the guides with respect to the ram.

(7) If necessary; rotate table=40 until the small :arrow 116poi'nts 'accurately'in the direction :of .thetangent to the starting point of the arc. In thisexample, this step is not necessary if step 1 was carriedout with thegproper accuracy, and Fig. 20 shows the parts inthis adjusted position.

(8) Press switch 321 to effect,clampinguof the,magnet 66 and release of clutch pins 136 and-186.

(9) *Operattelead screw through a distance-equal to' the chord 'ofthe arc to be-generated, namely :4 inches as-measured by either-of seale 57 or--110. Fig. 21 shows the relative positioning of l the partsat an intermediate stage of this step, and Fig. 22 shows the par-ts following completion of the step.

During step 9, the magnet 66 remains.-fixed,.with its axis being initially in line with the pivot-.pin. 60,- and it remains in'line'with-the-pivot stud 61 indicated in Fig. 21 throughout'this-step. "The pivot-block guides 50 .and 52 therefore move-only rotationally on the axis :of-pivot 'stud"61,-'but the 'pi'v'ot blocks'fil and-53 move both rotationally, 'with'the guides 50 and- 52, and alsolinearlywith =relation to their respective, guides- 50. and 52 in directions which are inclined with respect to each-otherinaccordance with the relative angular :settihg-of the twoguides. "This cOmbinatiOn of movements causes pivot stud .60 to follow an arcuate --path having the desired radius, eh'ord length "and direction, I for the reasons explained in 'detailin'r'ny 'above patent. All other partsof. theram will accordingly follow asimilar-path.

In connection with step 9, the maximum chordlength "for asingle stroke isequa-l' toihemaximum single stroke of"-1eadscrew55,' namely 4% inches with the machine of the proportions indicated. For-arcs of greater chord length, resetting'is' necessary after :the-firststroke, which "requires the following additional steps.

(I) "Operate'switch 327 to 'releasemagnet 66-and-.ree'nga'ge'the clutch pins in the X- and Y drives.

'(II) 'O'perate lead screw 55 through the distance required to return the scales 57 and 11010 zero.

(III) Rotate table 40 through anangleequalto 'the number of degrees of the -arc; generated.during the first "stroke. Thisstep is simplest if the. first stroke is: terminated upon the completion of a chord equal in length to the distance k, since the required angular adjustment of the table will then be exactly equal to twice the angle a. Similarly if the total added chord length of the arc to be cut is greater than 2k, it is preferable to operate in successive strokes each equal to k in chord length.

(IV) Repeat step 8 to reengage the magnet.

(V) Repeat step 9 as required to complete the arc.

In Figs. 21 and 22, the dotted arcs 360 show the translational movement of the ram along the desired arcuate path, and since every point on the ram follows an identical path, it will be understood that the spindle and tool will follow this path with respect to the work table. Similarly, and for the same reasons, if multiple spindles are provided on the ram, they will generate separate identical profiles. Fig. 22 also indicates a possible continuation of the movement of the ram to generate a profile in which the arc 360 is followed by a straight line 361 which is 6 inches in length and is arranged at 45 to the X- and Y-directions and which in turn is followed by a 90 are 362 of a 2-inch radius having its starting tangent extending in the X-direction. In order to carry out these strokes following completion of step 9 above, the following steps are necessary.

(10) Operate switch 327 to release the magnet.

(11) Return guides 50 and 52 to their aligned position, and lock them by means of pin 99. This step may be effected manually or by means of the rotary table in efiectively the opposite manner from steps 2 to 5 above.

(12) Return pivot blocks 51 and 53 to their zero position, this step being interchangeable with step ll.

(13) Rotate table 40 until arrows 115 and 116 point in the desired 45 direction to the X- and Y-axes.

(14) Repeat step 8 to reengage the magnet.

(15) Operate lead screw 55 in its maximum extent.

(16) Repeat step 10.

(17) Repeat step 12.

(18) Repeat step 8.

(19) Operate lead screw 55 through 1 /2 inches to complete the straight line 361.

(20) Repeat step 10.

(21) Rotate table 41) until the pointers 112 lie in the X-direction and the arrows 115 and 116 point towards the front of the machine, namely with these arrows lying in the direction of the starting radius of an arc about the pivot 60.

(22) Operate lead screw 55 to a setting of 2 inches on scale 57 or 110.

(23) Repeat step 8.

(24) Rotate table 40 in counterclockwise direction through 90 as measured on scale 47 or scale 111.

Additional portions of the profile may be similarly generated as required, and it should be noted that all such operations may be carried out without withdrawing the tool from the work and without unproductive movement of the tool. Furthermore, if the straight line 361 is aligned with either the X or Y-direction, it could be generated by employing the corresponding X- or Y-drive following step 10 and without requiring any of steps 15 to 20. In addition, while such X- or Y-movement is in progress, the operator can perform steps 17 to 22 without interfering with the operation of the machine in the X- or Y-direction, and thus resetting for are 362 will already have been accomplished upon completion of the straight line 361 so that only steps 23 and 24 remain.

When the machine is power operated, it will be apparent that for a given setting of the variable speed transmission 232, the feed speed in the X- and Y-direction will be constant under power operation. Similarly the angular speed of the rotary table will be constant, but the feeding speed of the spindle for small radius arcs will vary depending upon the radius of a given such arc, from zero for an arc of zero radius to a maximum for the arc of the maximum small radius.

If it is desired to match the feed speed for arcs of small radius with the X- and Y-direction feed speeds, this may be done with reasonable accuracy by appropriate adjustment of the transmission 232, as will be readily understood. Such adjustment is facilitated if the gearing for the machine is initially so calculated that for any given X and Y speed, the same speed will be utomatically established for an arc of a radius in approximately the middle of the total small radius range. Then for other small radius arcs, the transmission speed should be increased as the radius decreases below this chosen radius and should be correspondingly reduced as the radius increases. If the lead screw 55 is power operated, the drive thereto can be readily coordinated with the X- and Y- drives to provide essentially matched speeds, and with this lead screw manually operated as shown, the skill of the operator can be relied upon to establish the proper speed.

it will accordingly to apparent that the present invention provides a simple and at the same time rugged construction of machine tool having many practical advantages from the standpoint of both versatility and simplicity of operation and maintenance. It will also be apparent that the invention is not limited to machine tools such as the milling machine described, particularly since the illustrated machine may be very simply converted to other purposes such as scribing or grinding by merely selecting an appropriate scribing or grinding tool in place of a milling cutter. in addition, the illustrated machine may be adapted for many other purposes in substantially the manner shown in my above noted copending application, including surface grinding, shaping, flame cutting and the like, and for all such purposes the invention provides essentially the same practical advantages of economy and convenient and reliable operation.

While the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, and drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides.

2. in a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a Work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base while providing for pivotal movement of said one i? guide with respect to said base coaxially with said pivotal connection of said guides, linear drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, and rotary drive means for rotating said rotary table and said guides to determine the direction of said arcuate movement with respect to said index directions.

3. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, linear drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, means limiting said angular adjustability of said guides to a predetermined angular range providing a finite minimum radius for said arcuate movement of said ram, and rotary drive means for said rotary table cooperating with said guides and guided members to cause translational movement of said ram along an arc of a selected radius in the range from Zero to said minimum radius.

4. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a Work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, and selectively operable additional drive means for driving said ram with respect to said saddle in one of said index directions and for driving said saddle with respect to said base in the other said index direction.

5. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, selectively operable additional drive means for driving said 1d ram with respect to said saddle in one of said index directions and for driving said saddle with respect to said base in the other said index direction, and means coordinated with said clamping means for releasably locking said additional drive means substantially simultaneously with the release of said clamping means to prevent undesired movement of said ram while said clamping means are released.

6. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means for supporting a working member and a work table one on said base and the other on said ram, a saddle, guide means connecting said saddle with said ram and said base for movement limited to respectively perpendicular index directions and cooperating with said saddle to mount said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, main drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, selectively operable additional drive means for driving said ram with respect to said saddle in one of said index directions and for driving said saddle with respect to said base in the other said index direction, and indicating means operated by said additional drive means for indicating the position of said ram with respect to said index directions during operation of said main drive means.

7. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means mounting said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, a pair of additional drive means for driving said ram selectively in one or the other of two relatively perpendicular index directions, each said additional drive means including a self-locking worm drive preventing movement of said ram except upon operation of said additional drive means, each said additional drive means also including a releasable driving connection between said worm drive therein and said ram, and means coordinated with said clamping means for causing release of said clamping means upon engagement of said connections and for causing release of said connections upon engagement of said clamping means.

8. In a machine tool of the character described including a main base, the combination of a ram, means mounting said ram for translational movement with respect to said base, a rotary table supported by said ram for translational movement therewith and for rotation with respect thereto, a pair of guides on said rotary table having a pivotal connection for relative angular adjustment, guided members in said guides having separate pivotal connections to said rotary table, means for releasably clamping one said guide with respect to said base, main drive means for causing movement of said guided members in said guides to cause said ram to move translationally along an arc of a radius determined by the angular relationship of said guides, a pair of additional drive means for driving said ram selectively in one or the other of two relatively perpendicular index directions, each said additional drive means including a self-locking worm drive and a releasable driving connection between said worm drive therein 

